Which term describes a long-lasting increase in synaptic strength?

The term that describes a long-lasting increase in synaptic strength is known as long-term potentiation. This phenomenon is crucial in the field of neuroscience, particularly in understanding the mechanisms underlying learning and memory. When specific synaptic connections are activated in a consistent and repeated manner, the efficiency of these connections can increase dramatically. This is attributed to biochemical changes that enhance neurotransmitter release and receptor sensitivity, effectively strengthening the synapse over time.

Long-term potentiation can involve changes such as an increase in the number of receptors at the postsynaptic membrane or enhancements in the signaling pathways that contribute to neuronal excitability. As a result, the same amount of neural stimulation leads to a more significant excitatory response, thus facilitating improved information processing and storage in the brain.

This concept contrasts with other processes mentioned, where short-term depression refers to a temporary decrease in synaptic strength, synaptic decay pertains to the reduction in synaptic efficacy over time without stimulation, and neural adaptation refers to the brain’s adjustment to constant stimuli rather than a lasting enhancement in synaptic response. Understanding long-term potentiation is vital for recognizing how the brain encodes and retains information, highlighting its importance in both cognitive function and corrective exercise practices that aim to improve motor learning and muscle adaptation.