What compensation occurs at the trunk when a client lacks dorsiflexion during a squat?

When a client lacks dorsiflexion during a squat, the trunk compensates by shifting excessively forward. This forward shift occurs because limited ankle dorsiflexion restricts the range of motion at the ankle joint, preventing the knees from moving adequately forward relative to the toes. To maintain balance and ensure that the center of mass stays over the base of support, the trunk leans forward.

This compensation can lead to alterations in the kinetic chain and may contribute to lower back strain or discomfort, as the alignment of the torso becomes front-loaded. The forward shift helps the individual achieve depth in the squat and complete the movement despite the ankle limitation. Understanding this compensation is critical for corrective exercise programming, as addressing the mobility issue in the ankles can help restore more optimal movement patterns and decrease the risk of injury.